Which condition during pregnancy is defined by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks gestation with proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction?

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Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy defined by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation with either proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction. Hypertension is typically identified as elevated blood pressure (generally around or above 140/90) on two occasions at least several hours apart. Proteinuria means significant protein in the urine (commonly ≥300 mg in 24 hours, or a protein/creatinine ratio ≥0.3, or a positive dipstick with appropriate confirmation). If proteinuria isn’t present, end-organ dysfunction can still establish the diagnosis, including signs such as elevated liver enzymes, reduced platelets, renal impairment, pulmonary edema, or neurological symptoms like severe headaches or visual disturbances. This distinguishes preeclampsia from gestational hypertension, which is new high blood pressure after 20 weeks without proteinuria or organ dysfunction.